The development of a fire can be divided into four stages: the first is the initial ignition stage: low heat, a small amount of smoke, and no flame can be observed; the second is the development stage, accompanied by an increase in heat, a large amount of smoke is generated, and the flame spreads; the third is the full development stage of the fire, at this time a large amount of heat and smoke is generated, and the flame expands over a large area; the last is the decay stage, when the flame and heat decrease and a large amount of smoke is generated.
In the past, due to the limitations of detection technology, conventional fire alarm systems mostly detected fires that were already in the development stage, because at this time, the burning of materials produced visible smoke, and then an alarm signal could be issued.
In the early stage of a fire (overheating, smoldering, or invisible smoke generation stages such as low thermal radiation and aerosol generation), by actively extracting air samples from the protected area and filtering them, the laser sensor collects tiny smoke particles generated by the combustion and exceeds the alarm threshold, and an alarm will be issued immediately. The system has extremely high sensitivity and a wide sensitivity adjustment range, which is commonly 0.002% to 20% OBS/m, while the sensitivity of traditional smoke detectors is only 3% to 5% OBS/m.
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